I have always been taught that you should never, ever put your fellow improviser into a situation that forces spontaneity. Del Close was quoted in
Truth in Comedy as saying that asking questions is the second worst thing an improviser can do. "In improvisation, when you ask a question, you are taking information
away from your fellow player instead of
adding information." When asked what the worst thing was that an improviser can do, Del opened an invisible book and said, "Here, read this out loud!"
I've always agreed 100% with this philosophy. That's the way I perform, and that's what I've taught to my students. Questions make me cringe.
Lately, though... I've been thinking about the exceptions to that rule. In 2007, I saw a group called "3 for All" (out of San Francisco) perform at the Black Box
Improv Festival. They had been performing together for 20 years, and were absolutely fearless on stage together. If someone said, "Hey, sing us that song we like!" there wouldn't be a moment's hesitation on the other player's part. He'd jump right in and do it. We were all amazed.
I saw them as a group I could aspire to be like with 20 years of performing with the same people. Maybe by then, we could be less afraid to "break the rules" of
improv together.
Then I started seeing a group called "
The Improvised Shakespeare Company." Brilliant
improv shows -- I have yet to be disappointed. Of course, it would have been a great
improv show even without the Shakespearean dialogue. The fact that they can use the vernacular effortlessly makes the show brilliant.
One thing I realized as I watched their February 19
th 10:30 show ("The Passion of Count
Chocula") is that they're not afraid to set one another up for some forced spontaneity. Here's a paraphrased segment from that show.
Guard 1: "It's all part of the Chain of Life."
Guard 2: "Chain of Life? Sounds fascinating. Tell me all about it."
Guard 1: "Well, at the top you have God. Underneath him are the various angels."
Guard 2: "The cherubim."
Guard 1: "Right. The cherubim. And underneath them are all the magical creatures like the unicorns. Then underneath them is the King."
Guard 2: "I wonder... if a unicorn was to give an order, would the King have to follow it?"
(later...)
Guard 1: "Underneath us are the earthworms. And under them, there's only one thing."
Guard 2: "The devil. You know, it's sad to know that the only thing betwixt an Englishman and the devil is some earthworms."
Most beginner improvisers would be nervous and/or frustrated at Guard 2's first line in the above dialogue. Setting someone up like that (sometimes called "pimping out your fellow player") sounds like it could be disastrous for a scene. In this case, forcing someone to give a lengthy explanation to a concept turned out to be a very entertaining scene. In fact, it turned out to be a vital part of the plot (the unicorns were protecting the King, and made him impossible to assassinate).
As a group warmup, some improvisers do a round of "Top Five Things" (sometimes seven or even ten). One improviser provides a category for another improviser (i.e., "Breakfast cereals that haven't been invented yet."). That second improviser then has to come up with a list of items that fits into that category. The first few are the easiest to come up with. As it becomes more difficult to come up with new examples, the more ridiculous and entertaining it becomes. Same with compelling an improviser to give a lengthy explanation to a concept. The longer the train of thought continues, the more ridiculous and entertaining it becomes. Especially if the other improvisers on stage are listening well and can incorporate the ideas that are presented.
So does that mean it's okay to break The Rule? I still wouldn't recommend it for beginning improvisers. But as an improviser gets more comfortable on stage, and as a group becomes more playful together, sometimes you can put a player into a position where he or she is forced to do something spontaneous. It might even be a show highlight.